Pest Management Guidelines - HerbaceousPerennials
Pest Management Guidelines
A Cornell Cooperative Extension Publication

  
Cornell Guide for Pest Management of Herbaceous Perennials

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5 Disease Management

 

Contents

Table 5.1. Selected diseases and effective controls. 1

Table 5.2. Fungicides for control of diseases of herbaceous perennials. 2

Table 5.3. Preplant nematicides/soil sterilants for use in ornamentals production. 12

Table 5.4. Bactericides, biocontrols, fungicides, and nematicides used on herbaceous perennials and listed in this publication. 12

 

Table 5.1. Selected diseases and effective controls

Problem

Effective Materialsa

bacterial blight, leaf spots

Bacillus subtilis, copper hydroxide, copper hydroxide plus mancozeb, copper salts of fatty and rosin acids, copper sulphate pentahydrate

Botrytis

azoxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis, chlorothalonil+, chlorothalonil plus thiophanate-methyl, copper hydroxide, copper hydroxide plus mancozeb, copper sulphate pentahydrate, fenhexamid, fludioxonilb, iprodione, mancozeb, mancozeb plus thiophanate-methyl, maneb with zinc, pyraclostrobin, thiophanate-methyl+, trifloxystrobin

damping-off

A: Rhizoctonia: azoxystrobin, etridiazole plus thiophanate-methyl, fludioxonilb, fludoxonil + mefenoxam, flutolanilc, iprodione, PCNB, pyraclostrobin, thiophanate-methyl+, triflumizole

 

B: Pythium: etridiazole, etridiazole plus thiophanate-methyl, fludoxonil + mefenoxam, fosetyl-Al+, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, phosphite, pyraclostrobin, Trichoderma harzianum

downy mildew

azoxystrobin, copper hydroxide, copper hydroxide plus mancozeb, fosetyl-Al+, †kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, mancozeb plus thiophanate-methyl, phosphite, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin

leaf spots (fungal)

azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil+, chlorothalonil plus thiophanate-methyl, copper hydroxide, copper hydroxide plus mancozeb, copper salts of fatty and rosin acids, fludioxonilb, †kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, maneb with zinc, †myclobutanil, pyraclostrobin, thiophanate-methyl+, triadimefon+, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole

nematodes

chloropicrin, dazomet, metam-sodium, methyl bromide with chloropicrin

powdery mildew

azoxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis, chlorothalonil+, chlorothalonil plus thiophanate-methyl, copper sulphate pentahydrate, fenarimol, horticultural oil, hydrogen dioxide, †kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb plus thiophanate-methyl, †myclobutanil, neem oil, piperalin, potassium bicarbonate, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin, thiophanate-methyl+, Trichoderma harzianum, triflumizole, triadimefon+, trifloxystrobin

root and stem rots

A: Rhizoctonia: azoxystrobin, etridiazole plus thiophanate-methyl, fludioxonilb, fludoxonil + mefenoxam, flutolanilc, iprodione, mancozeb plus thiophanate-methyl, PCNB, thiophanate-methyl+, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole

 

B: Pythium and Phytophthora: etridiazole, etridiazole plus thiophanate-methyl, fludoxonil + mefenoxam, fosetyl-Al+, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, phosphite, propamocarb

 

C: Sclerotium rolfsii: azoxystrobin, fludioxonilb, fludoxonil + mefenoxam, flutolanilc, PCNB

D: Sclerotinia: etridiazole plus thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, mancozeb plus thiophanate methyl, pyraclostrobin, vinclozolin

rust

azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil+, chlorothalonil plus thiophanate-methyl, flutolanilc, †kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, maneb with zinc, myclobutanil, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin, triadimefon+, trifloxystrobin

†Not for use in Nassau and Suffolk Counties. Pesticide labels that indicate “Not for use on Long Island, N.Y.” mean that use is prohibited in Nassau and Suffolk Counties only.

+Products containing the active ingredient are available for homeowner use.

aCommon names; see Table 2 for products with these active ingredients and information regarding formulation, application, and the crop uses for which the material is registered.

bIn Nassau and Suffolk Counties, use is limited to ornamentals grown in interiorscapes, greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, or other enclosed structures.            

cIn Nassau and Suffolk counties, use is limited to drench application to container grown ornamentals in greenhouses only.

dIn New York do not make more than 2 applications per acre per year or no more than 4.2 pounds a.i. per acre per year.  No foliar application in Nassau or Suffolk counties

 

 

Table 5.2. Fungicides for control of diseases of herbaceous perennials

Common Name

Commercial Application Information

Effective Against

REI§

azoxystrobin

 

Alternaria, anthracnose, Botrytis blight, Cladosporium leaf spot, downy mildew, Fusarium spp., iris leaf spot, Phytophthora shoot blight, powdery mildew, rust, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium rolfsii

12

Conduct small-scale tests for species not mentioned on label. For resistance management, do not make more than three applications of Heritage before alternating with a fungicide of a different mode of action (i.e., use materials other than †Cygnus or Compass O). Do not exceed eight applications/crop/year or 10 lb. product/crop acre/year. Do not use silicone-based surfactants. Some Malus are injured by azoxystrobin.

Bacillus subtilis (MBI-600)

Plant into Pro-Mix with Biofungicide, peat-lite mix that contains Bacillus subtilis MBI 600. Follow all instructions on the label.

Pythium and Rhizoctonia

0

Registered for use on ornamentals

Bacillus subtilis (GB03)

Apply 16 fl oz of Companion/100 gal. as soil drench, retreating at 14-day intervals, with dosage according to label instructions. Contains Bacillus subtilis GB03.

Pythium and Rhizoctonia

4

Registered for use on ornamentals in greenhouse (protected environments)

Bacillus subtilis (QST 713)

Apply 2-8 quarts of Rhapsody AS/100 gal/A at 3- 10-day intervals.

Bacterial leaf spots, Alternaria, Botrytis, Cercospora, Helminthosporium, Myrothecium, Septoria, powdery mildew

4

Registered for use on ornamentals. Conduct small-scale preliminary trials to check cultivar sensitivity before using on a large number of plants.

chlorothalonil+

Spray 1.4 lb. Daconil Ultrex 82.5%/100 gal. or 1-3/8 pt. Daconil Weather Stik Flowable Fungicide 54EC /100 gal. at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Botrytis, Alternaria, Cercospora, Volutella, Septoria and Didymellina leaf spots, Mycosphaerella ray blight, rust, anthracnose, Rhizoctonia web blight, powdery mildew

12

Registered for use on chrysanthemum, daisy, gladiolus, gypsophila, hollyhock, iris, lily, pachysandra, phlox, statice, and tulip

chlorothalonil+

Spray Concorde DF at 1.0–2.5 lb. or Concorde at 1.37 pt./100 gal. Repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Alternaria, Botrytis, Cercospora, Corynespora, Didymellina, Myrothecium, Phyllosticta, Ramularia and Septoria leaf spots, Mycosphaerella ray blight, Rhizopus blossom blight, rust, anthracnose, Rhizoctonia web blight, Stagonospora leaf scorch, powdery mildew

12

Registered for use on chrysanthemum, crocus, daffodil, daisy, geranium, gladiolus, hollyhock, hydrangea, iris, lily, narcissus, pansy, phlox, statice, and tulip

chlorothalonil+

Spray Echo 720 Turf and Ornamental at 1 3/8 pt. or Echo 90DF Turf and Ornamental at 0.8 lb./100 gal. Repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Alternaria, Botrytis, Cercospora, Didymellina and Septoria leaf spots, Mycosphaerella ray blight, rust, anthracnose, Rhizoctonia web blight, powdery mildew

12

Registered for use on chrysanthemum, crocus, daffodil, daisy, geranium, gladiolus, hollyhock, hydrangea, iris, lily, narcissus, pansy, phlox, statice, and tulip

chlorothalonil+

Spray Manicure Ultrex at 1.0–2.5 lb./100 gal. Repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Alternaria, Botrytis, Cercospora, Didymellina and Septoria leaf spots, Mycosphaerella ray blight, rust, anthracnose, Rhizoctonia web blight, Sclerotinia flower blight, powdery mildew

48

Registered for use on carnation, chrysanthemum, crocus, daffodil, daisy, geranium, gladiolus, hollyhock, hydrangea, iris, lily, narcissus, pansy, phlox, statice, and tulip

chlorothalonil plus thiophanate-methyl

Apply Spectro 90WDG according to label.

Alternaria, anthracnose, Ascochyta, Botrytis, Cercospora, Didymellina, Phytophthora blight, powdery mildew, Ramularia, Rhizoctonia web blight, rust, Septoria

12

Registered for use on aster, carnation, chrysanthemum, daffodil, daisy, gladiolus, gypsophila, iris, lily, narcissus, pansy, phlox, statice, and tulip

copper hydroxide

Spray Kocide DF at 1–3 lb./A (1 Tbsp. Kocide DF/1,000 sq. ft. = 1 lb./A) at 7- to 14-day intervals. Do not apply in spray solution with a pH less than 6.5 because phytotoxicity may result. Must have product with ornamentals listed on the label.

Bacterial and fungal leaf spots

24

Registered for use on aster, dahlia, delphinium, dianthus, echinacea, geranium, gladiolus, iris, Easter lily, narcissus, peony, phlox, hosta, tulip, verbena, and viola

copper hydroxide

Spray Kocide 4.5 LF at 2/3–2 pt./A (1 Tbsp. Kocide 4.5 LF/1,000 sq. ft. = 1 pt./A) at 7- to 14-day intervals. Must have product with ornamentals listed on the label.

Bacterial and fungal leaf spots

24

Registered for use on aster, dahlia, delphinium, dianthus, echinacea, geranium, gladiolus, iris, Easter lily, narcissus, peony, phlox, hosta, tulip, verbena, and viola. Do not apply in spray solution with a pH less than 6.5 because phytotoxicity may result.

copper hydroxide

Spray Nu-Cop 50 WP at 1 lb./100 gal. at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Anthracnose, Botrytis, Septoria

24

Registered for use on chrysanthemum, Easter lily, gladiolus, and tulip. Do not apply in spray solution with a pH less than 6.5 because phytotoxicity may result.

copper hydroxide

Spray Champ Dry Prill at 2/3 lb./100 gal. at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Bacterial and fungal leaf spots

24

Registered for use on chrysanthemum, dahlia, Easter lily, echinacea, geranium, gladiolus, hosta, iris, phlox, pansy, peony, tulip, and verbena. Do not apply in spray solution with a pH less than 6.5 because phytotoxicity may result.

copper hydroxide

Spray 1.0 lb. Champion 77% WP/100 gal. Repeat in 7–14 days as needed.

Botrytis, Septoria leaf spot

24

Registered for use on chrysanthemum

copper hydroxide

Spray 0.75 lb. Kocide 2000 per 100 gal. Repeat in 7–14 days as needed. Do not apply in a spray solution

Alternaria leaf spot, bacterial spot, Botrytis, Cercospora, downy mildew, Septoria

24

Crops listed on the label include chrysanthemum, dahlia, dianthus, echinacea, gladiolus, iris, pansy, peony, plantain lily (hosta), and verbena. Label cautions grower to conduct small-scale tests on other ornamentals not listed on the label for signs of phytotoxicity before commercial use.

copper hydroxide plus mancozeb

Spray 1.5 lb. Junction/100 gal. water (1/2 Tbsp./gal.). Repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Alternaria leaf spot, anthracnose, bacterial leaf blight, Botrytis, Cercospora, downy mildew

24

The pH of the spray solution should be less than 6.5 to avoid phytotoxicity. Label cautions grower to test this product for safety to plants not listed on the label. Listed plants include dahlia, gladiolus, pansy, peony, and tulip.

copper salts of fatty and rosin acids

Spray 3 tbsp../gal. Camelot (= 3 pt./100 gal.) at 7- to 10-day intervals. 

Bacterial blight on chrysanthemum, scab on iris

12

Do not mix with products containing diazinon, thiophanate-methyl, or fosetyl-Al. Registered for use on chrysanthemum and iris.

copper sulphate pentahydrate

Spray 1.5–2.5 oz. Phyton 27 21.36%/10 gal.

Bacterial leaf spots, Botrytis, powdery mildew

24

Registered for use on aster, chrysanthemum, clematis, hydrangea, peony, and potentilla

etridiazole

Drench containers with 3–10 oz. Terrazole 35WP/100 gal./400 sq. ft. For bedding plants (2- to 3-in. soil depth) drench with 4–6 oz. Terrazole 35% WP/100 gal./800 sq. ft.

Pythium, Phytophthora

12

Registered for use on aster, chrysanthemum, dahlia, dianthus, foxglove, gypsophila, salvia, statice, and stokesia

etridiazole

Drench 3–10 oz. *Truban 30WP/100 gal., the area to be covered varying with depth of soil treated. Repeat in 4–12 weeks.

Pythium, Phytophthora

12

Registered for use on aster, dahlia, dianthus, foxglove, gypsophila, salvia, statice, and stokesia

etridiazole

Drench 3–8 oz. Truban 25EC/100 gal., the area to be covered varying with depth of soil treated.

Repeat in 4–12 weeks if needed.

Pythium, Phytophthora

12

Registered for use on ajuga, chrysanthemum, dahlia, dianthus, phlox, and salvia

etridiazole plus thiophanate-methyl

Drench 4–12 oz. Banrot 40WP/100 gal./400–800 sq. ft. at 4- to 12-week intervals. Rates vary according to container depth.

Rhizoctonia, Pythium, and Phytophthora stem and root rots

12

Registered for use on ajuga, aster, chrysanthemum, dahlia, delphinium, fern, gypsophila, lobelia, phlox, salvia, and statice

etridiazole plus thiophanate-methyl

Mix 8 or16 oz. Banrot 8G/cu. yd. soil mix, depending on container depth and type of plant grown. See label for broadcast and sidedress applications.

Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Phytophthora, and Fusarium damping-off and stem rots

12

Registered for use on ajuga, aster, chrysanthemum, dahlia, delphinium, gypsophila, phlox, and statice

fenhexamid

Spray 0.75–1.5 lb. Decree 50 WDG/100 gal. at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Botrytis

12

Registered for use on outdoor-grown and greenhouse ornamentals. Avoid making more than two consecutive applications: rotate with another product that has a different mode of action.

fludioxonil

Spray *ΔMedallion 50WP using 1–2 oz/100 gal. for Alternaria, Septoria, and Rhizoctonia. For Botrytis, use 2-4 oz/100 gal. Repeat at 7-to 14-day intervals.

Alternaria leaf spot, Botrytis, Rhizoctonia web blight, Septoria

12

For soilborne disease, drench *Δ Medallion 50WP using 1 oz/100 gal. Make only one application to a seedling crop; drench transplants at 21- to 28-day intervals. Use up to 30 oz. *ΔMedallion per 1,000 sq. ft. (80 lb. product/acre) per year or crop cycle.

Rhizoctonia, Myrothecium and Thielaviopsis root rot

12

The label lists aster, bleeding heart (foliar application), chrysanthemum, coreopsis (foliar), dahlia (foliar), daisy (foliar), pansy, salvia, sunflower (foliar), and verbena and suggests that growers should test unlabeled plants for phytotoxicity before widespread use. For greenhouse use only. Use in Nassau and Suffolk Counties is restricted to enclosed structures only.

fludioxonil + mefenoxam

Drench Hurricane at seeding at ¾ oz per 100 gal, on transplants and cuttings use 1.5 oz per 100 gal in a volume to wet the entire root zone. Drench treatments qualify for an exception to the REI: see label for details. Pythium and Phytophthora strains that are insensitive to Subdue MAXX are also insensitive to Hurricane.

Rhizoctonia, Pythium and Phytophthora

48

fludioxonil + mefenoxam

Drench Hurricane at seeding at ¾ oz per 100 gal, on transplants and cuttings use 1.5 oz per 100 gal in a volume to wet the entire root zone. Drench treatments qualify for an exception to the REI: see label for details. For these pathogens add *Triangle Medallion fungicide at 1.0 oz per 100 gal as a tank mix.

Cylindrocladium, Thielaviopsis, Fusarium, and Sclerotium rolfsii

48

flutolanil

Spray 3 to 6 oz of Contrast 70WSP/100 gal P at 14- 21-day intervals, applying no more than 2 applications per acre per year or no more than 4.2 pounds a.i. per acre per year. Not for foliar application in Nassau or Suffolk counties.

Rust

12

Registered for use on ornamentals, including chrysanthemum, hollyhock, and iris

flutolanil

Spray 3 to 12 oz of Contrast 70SP/100 gal P at 14- 21-day intervals, applying no more than 2 applications per acre per year or no more than 4.2 pounds a.i. per acre per year. Not for foliar application in Nassau or Suffolk counties.

Rust

12

Registered for use on ornamentals, including chrysanthemum, hollyhock, and iris

fosetyl-Al+

Spray Aliette WDG at 2–5 lb./100 gal. at one-month intervals or drench at 0.4 to 0.8 lb./100 gal./400 sq. ft.

Downy mildew, Phytophthora, Pythium

12

Registered for use on ornamentals in nursery and greenhouse

hydrogen dioxide

Apply ZeroTol 27% as directed on label.

Powdery mildew, algae control, disinfestant

0

Registered for use in prevention and control of horticultural diseases in commercial greenhouses, garden centers, landscapes, nurseries and interiorscapes on bedding plants, flowering plants, roses, poinsettia, ornamentals, nursery stock, cut flowers, bulbs, cuttings, seedlings, and seeds

iprodione

Spray 1.0–2.5 lb. *Chipco 26019 50WP or *Iprodione Pro 2SE or 1.0–2.5 qt. *Chipco 26019 Flo (Bayer), *26GT Flowable, or *Sextant/A at 10- to 14-day intervals.

Alternaria, Ascochyta ray blight, Botrytis, ink spot,

Rhizoctonia web blight, Stagnospora

12

Registered for use on ajuga, artemisia, aster, chrysanthemum, columbine, dahlia, delphinium, dianthus, gypsophila, heuchera, iris, lilies, monarda, pachysandra, periwinkle, phlox, poppy, salvia, statice, and violet

iprodione

Drench 6.5 oz. *Chipco 26019 50WP or *Iprodione Pro 2SE/100 gal., OR drench 13 fl. oz. Chipco Flo or *26GT (Bayer) or *Sextant/100 gal. at 14-day intervals after transplant. A corm dip is registered for control of Fusarium corm rot of gladiolus.

Rhizoctonia, Fusarium

12

Registered for use on ajuga, artemisia, aster, chrysanthemum, columbine, dahlia, delphinium, dianthus, gypsophila, heuchera, iris, lilies, monarda, pachysandra, periwinkle, phlox, poppy, salvia, statice, and violet

kresoxim-methyl

Spray †Cygnus 50W at 1.6–3.2 oz./100 gal. to drip.

Powdery mildew, leaf spots, rust

12

For greenhouse use. Test on a sample of the crop to be treated. For resistance management, do not make more than eight greenhouse applications per year. Do not make more than two sequential applications of †Cygnus. Then alternate to an equal number of sequential applications of a non-strobilurin fungicide (i.e., do not rotate with or Compass O). Do not use organosilicone-based adjuvants with †Cygnus.

mancozeb

Spray 1.5 lb./100 gal. Dithane T/O Rainshield or *Fore 80WP, at 7- to 10-day intervals as needed.

Botrytis, rust, Cercospora and Didymellina leaf spots, foliar Phytophthora blight (peony)

24

Test on a small sample before large-scale application to ornamentals not listed on the labels. Adding Latron B-1956 spreader-sticker is recommended for improved performance.

mancozeb

Spray 1.5 lb. Protect T/O/100 gal. at 7- to 10-day intervals.

Alternaria, anthracnose, Ascochyta and Botrytis blights, Cercospora, Didymellina downy mildew, Mycosphaerella, Phyllosticta, Phytophthora dieback, Rhizoctonia web blight, rusts, and Septoria leaf spots, Volutella blight

24

Registered for use on Boston ivy, chrysanthemum, columbine, dahlia, delphinium, dianthus, English ivy, geranium, gladiolus, gypsophila, iris, lily, liriope, lobelia, pachysandra, pansy, peony, periwinkle, phlox, santolina, salvia, senecio, shasta daisy, statice, strawflower, and verbena

mancozeb + copper hydroxide

Spray 1.5–3.5 lb./A Junction at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.

Alternaria, anthracnose, bacterial leaf spot, Botrytis, Cercospora, downy mildew, fungal leaf spot, Phytophthora blight, powdery mildew, Septoria leaf spot

24

Test on a small sample before large-scale application to ornamentals not listed on the label. Do not apply in a spray solution with pH lower than 6.5. Incompatible with fosetyl-Al or thiophanate-methyl materials.

mancozeb plus thiophanate-methyl

Spray 1.5 lb. *Zyban WSB/100 gal. at 7- to 10-day intervals.

Anthracnose, Botrytis, downy mildew, leaf spots, powdery mildew

 

Registered for use on aster, chrysanthemum, dahlia, liriope, mondo grass, pansy, phlox, and verbena

mefenoxam

Use Subdue MAXX through irrigation, as a drench, a soil surface spray, or incorporate into mix.. Rates for Subdue MAXX start as low as 0.13 fl. oz./100 gal. for drench at seeding.

Phytophthora, Pythium

0

Registered for use on ornamentals, including bedding plants and flowers. Label cautions the grower to conduct tests for safety to plants not mentioned on the label before widespread use. To minimize the potential for control failure on insensitive strains, use mefenoxam or metalaxyl in alternation with other active ingredients for Pythium and Phytophthora control.

metalaxyl

Subdue II is available in a drench-pac product from W. A. Cleary, packaged with 3336 in water-soluble bags. Subdue GR is a granular formulation that may be incorporated in a mix or applied to the soil surface. Reapply in 1–2 months.

Phytophthora, Pythium

0

Registered for use on ornamentals, including artemisia, aster, baby’s breath, chrysanthemum, columbine, delphinium, foxglove, gaillardia, pansy, phlox, pinks, primrose, salvia, sedum, sempervivum, Shasta daisy, and verbena. Label cautions grower to conduct tests for safety to plants not mentioned on the label before widespread use. To minimize the potential for control failure on insensitive strains, make no more than three applications per season. Use mefenoxam or metalaxyl in alternation with other Pythium/Phytophthora controls.

neem oil

(clarified extract of)

Use 1:200 to 1:100 concentration (0.5%–1.0%) Triact 70EC at 7- to 14-day intervals.

Powdery mildew and other diseases

4

Registered for use on landscape, greenhouse, and nursery ornamentals. Test for safety on your crops.

PCNB

 

Drench 6–12 fl. oz. Terraclor 400 40F/100 gal to cover 400–800 sq. ft., or as directed by label, or Terraclor 75WP at seeding or transplanting. 

Rhizoctonia,