Pest Management Guidelines

Part 1 - Cultural Pest Management

Part 2 - Pesticide Pest Management

New York State Pesticide Labels

Other Resources

NYSIPM

12 Small Fruit Pest Management

Contents

IPM for Raspberry Disease Control 1

IPM for Raspberry Disease Control

The following outline reviews available techniques that raspberry growers can use to minimize or eliminate the need to spray fungicides to control specific diseases.

Cane diseases (anthracnose, cane blight, spur blight)

1. Prune dead or diseased canes before new primocanes emerge; burn, bury, or remove them from garden.

2. Promote air circulation to increase drying of young primocanes:

a. Regulate cane densities.

b. Regulate row width.

c. Use trellising systems.

3. Apply a single, delayed dormant spray of lime sulfur to reduce overwintering inoculum levels.

4. Minimize cane injuries (for cane blight).

5. Avoid summer tipping of canes if rain is expected within two to three days (for cane blight).

Gray mold

1. Promote air circulation to reduce humidity and improve drying within the fruiting zone.

a. Use same techniques as for cane diseases.

Phytophthora root rot

1. Plant only on soils with good internal and surface drainage; plant highly susceptible cultivars only on soils that have excellent drainage.

2. If possible, establish new plantings from nursery material not previously exposed to garden or field soil (i.e., greenhouse-propagated plants).

3. Avoid contaminating new planting sites with soil, water, or plants from sites in which the disease has occurred.

Leaf spot

1. Promote air circulation to reduce humidity and improve drying of new leaves.

a. Use same techniques as for cane diseases.

2. Apply a single, delayed dormant spray of lime sulfur to reduce overwintering inoculum levels.

Viral diseases

1. Use only planting stock derived from virus-indexed sources.

2. If possible, avoid establishing new plantings adjacent to wooded areas or older raspberry plantings.

3. Eradicate wild brambles in nearby hedgerows.

Verticillium wilt

1. Avoid planting in locations where susceptible crops (such as potatoes or tomatoes) have been grown recently.

Summary

Four primary themes run throughout the preceding list:

1. Plant resistant or only moderately susceptible cultivars.

2. Exclude specific pathogens from the planting if at all possible.

3. Reduce inoculum levels for indi-genous or established pathogens.

4. Choose or modify the crop environment to make it less conducive to growth and development of plant-pathogenic fungi.

Small fruit pest management guidelines follow in Table 15

(see Tables 2 and 3 for toxicity information).

For cultural methods, see Part I.

Table 15. Small-fruit pest management
Plant	Pest/Disease	Some recommended pesticides for management
Blueberry	Blueberry maggot	Use visual (yellow board) traps for monitoring starting in late June. If needed use carbaryl: apply about July 7–12 (10 days earlier on Long Island, New York); repeat twice at 10-day intervals until harvest.
	Cranberry fruitworm	Bt, malathion, or carbaryl: apply when 75 percent of blossoms have dropped (petal fall) and again 10 days later.
	Cherry fruitworm, leafrollers, and tip borer	Same as for cranberry fruitworm.
	Scales	Oil spray: apply just before budbreak in the spring, 2–21/2 percent solution.
Currant and gooseberry	Powdery mildew (gooseberry)	During cool, damp weather, apply sulfur sprays every 10 days after disease appears, or use liquid lime sulfur—but only on sulfur-tolerant varieties. Neem oil or Armicarb 100 may provide suppression.
	Currant aphid	Malathion or pyrethrin: apply as leaf buds are opening. Use malathion on currants only.
	Gooseberry fruitworm	Rotenone or malathion 25WP: apply when berries turn red and webbing is seen. Use malathion on currants only.
	Imported currant worm	Malathion 25WP: apply when worms appear. Use on currants only.
	San Jose scale	Oil spray: apply just before budbreak in the spring, 2–21/2 percent solution.
	Twospotted spider mite	Malathion: use as needed when mite infestation appears.
Grape Black rot infections destroying a cluster of grapes	Black rot	Apply myclobutanil or Heritage, Gordon’s Maneb, or Topsin M¹ according to label directions.
	Downy mildew	Apply captan, basic cupric sulfate, Heritage, Gordon’s Maneb, or Camelot per label directions.
	Grape flea beetle	At budbreak examine buds for feeding damage and apply carbaryl as needed.
	Phomopsis cane and leaf spot	In years with wet springs, apply Topsin M¹ to susceptible varieties (Catawba, Concord, Delaware, Niagara, and Rougeon) when new shoots are 1 in. long, and repeat when shoots are 6 in. long.
	Grape berry moth	Sample vineyard the third week of July to see if August treatment is needed. Visually inspect 5 groups of 20 clusters. For table grapes, treatment is warranted if one cluster per group is infested in July. For processing grapes, anything below six per infestation should not require an August treatment. Remove by hand and dispose of infested grapes for small plantings (do not discard on ground as insects may continue to develop). Bt or carbaryl: apply just after bloom (first generation of moth larvae) and in mid- to late July or early August (second generation of moth larvae). Above average temperatures (especially in the first half of the field season) may result in a third generation of moths in late August to mid-September. Bt should be applied twice per generation whereas one application of carbaryl per generation should be sufficient.
Downy mildew on the underside of a grape leaf.	Grape cane girdler	Surround: apply in early spring (when shoots are 12–18 in. long) as needed. Damage is rarely severe enough to warrant treatment.
	Powdery mildew	Apply neem oil, myclobutanil, lime sulfur, Heritage, Kop-R-Spray + lime, Camelot, Armicarb 100, Remedy, or Topsin M¹ according to label directions or, if needed, apply sulfur (Lilly Miller RTU –MPF) every 7 to 14 days from bloom until September 1, but not on sulfur-sensitive varieties (Chancellor, Concord, Foch, Ives, Rougeon).
	Grape leafhopper	Insecticidal soap or carbaryl: apply as needed when more than 20 percent of the leaf surfaces show stippling injury.
Raspberry and blackberry	Viral diseases	Control aphids that spread the disease.
	Japanese beetle	A chemical spray may be needed at late prebloom, just before blossoms open or when primocanes of fall-bearing varieties are 18 inches long. Apply carbaryl, malathion, or pyrethrins (with carbaryl, wait seven days to harvest. When insects first appear, repeat application at 7- to 10-day intervals as needed.
	Raspberry cane borer	No pesticides are labeled for borers in raspberries. Prune out infested canes in winter and damaged shoots during the growing season.
	Raspberry crown borer	Cultural control only. No pesticides are labeled for crown borer.
	Raspberry fruitworm and sawfly	Apply malathion when blossom buds appear and just before blossoms open.
	Tarnished plant bug	Use malathion or carbaryl just before blossoms open.
	Sap beetle	Apply malathion, pyrethrin, or carbaryl as fruit begins to color.
	Tree cricket	Carbaryl: apply in late August to mid-September.
	Two-spotted spider mite	No miticides are currently labeled for use; sulfur (80% WP), however, applied for powdery mildew will provide some suppression.
Strawberry	Gray mold (Botrytis fruit rot)	In wet seasons weekly sprays with captan during bloom will reduce disease incidence.
	Fungal leaf spot	On susceptible varieties in wet years, apply captan as for gray mold (preceding entry).
Slug	Bud weevil (blossom clipper)	Remove foliage and mulch over the winter. No pesticide is available. Change site after three years if problem is severe. Row covers in weed-free gardens will act as barriers. (In weedy gardens row covers could increase damage because insects get a head start.)
	Cyclamen mite and Two-spotted spider mite	Cyclamen mite is difficult to control. Rogue infested plants.
	Slugs	Metaldehyde bait or diatomaceous earth can be applied to the ground surrounding the plants.
	Strawberry root weevils	Insect-parasitic nematodes may be used.
Tarnished plant bug	Tarnished plant bug	Check for insects by striking plants over a flat, light-colored dish. Treat when one to two nymphs are found per plant. Malathion: spray early in spring when growth resumes and weekly as needed until bloom. In severe infestations, continue sprays until three days before picking. The plant bugs overwinter as adults in weedy gardens. Row covers in weed-free gardens may protect newly opened flowers.
	White grubs White grubs	Avoid planting strawberries immediately following sod.

Pest Management Guidelines A Cornell Cooperative Extension Publication	New York Pest Management Guidelines
Home \| CALS \| PMEP \| All IPM Guidelines

Further Reading