Table 15. Herbicides registered for use in tree-fruit orchards.
Table 17. Effectiveness of herbicides in tree-fruit crops.
Table 15. Herbicides registered for use in tree-fruit orchards.
Minimum time between planting and use indicated if specified on label.
NB = Nonbearing trees only; Y= listed on label; N = not listed on label.
Product |
Apple |
Pear |
Apricot |
Tart Cherry |
Sweet
|
Nectarine |
Peach |
Plum |
Prune |
|
Aim 2EC, 1.9EW |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Casoron 4G |
4 wk |
4 wk |
N |
4 wk |
4wk |
N |
N |
N |
N |
|
Devrinol 50DF |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Fusilade DX |
NB |
NB |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Glyphosate |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Goal 2XL, Galigan 2E |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
*Gramoxone Max |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Karmex 80DF, Diuron 4L, 80DF |
1 yr |
1 yr |
N |
N |
N |
N |
3 yr |
N |
N |
|
*Kerb 50 W1 |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Poast |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
NB |
NB |
|
Princep 4L, Simazine 4L, 90DF, Caliber 90 |
1 yr |
1 yr |
N |
1 yr |
1 yr |
N |
1 yr |
1 yr |
N |
|
Prowl 3.3E |
NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
|
Rely |
1 yr |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
|
*Sinbar 80WP2 |
3 yr/NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
NB |
3yr/NB |
NB |
NB |
|
Solicam DF |
Y |
1 yr |
1 yr |
18 mo |
18 mo |
6 mo |
6 mo |
1 yr |
1 yr |
|
*Stinger |
N |
N |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Surflan AS |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
*Unison |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
*Weedar 64, Amine 4, *2,4-D Amine |
1 yr |
1 yr |
1 yr |
1 yr |
1 yr |
1 yr |
1 yr |
1 yr |
1 yr |
* Sinbar + Karmex tank mix at lower rates - Apples and peaches established at least 2 yr.
* Restricted-use pesticide; may be purchased and used only by certified applicators.
Not registered for use in Nassau or Suffolk Counties
1 Kerb. Not less than 6 mo after fall transplanting nor less than 1 yr after spring transplanting of labeled crops.
2 Low rate for newly planted and young, non-bearing fruit trees (except apple).
Table 16. The solubility, persistence, potential for leaching and runoff, and breakdown of herbicides.
|
Material |
Solubility |
Persistence |
Potential for |
Method of |
|
|
Leaching |
Runoff |
||||
|
carfentrazone-ethyl (Aim) |
42 |
12 |
S |
S |
hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial |
|
*clopyralid (*Stinger) |
1000 |
1270 |
L |
M |
microbial |
|
dichlobenil (Casoron) |
18 |
60 |
L |
M |
volitalization, microbial |
|
2,4-D (*Weedar, Amine, *Unison) |
890-796,000 |
10 |
M |
S-M |
microbial |
|
diuron (Karmex, Direx) |
42 |
90 |
M |
L |
microbial |
|
fluazifop-p-butyl (Fusilade) |
2 |
20 |
S |
L |
microbial |
|
glyphosate (Roundup, Touchdown) |
900,000 |
47 |
S |
L |
microbial |
|
glufosinate-ammonium (Rely) |
|
|
L |
|
|
|
napropamide (Devrinol) |
73 |
70 |
L |
M |
photodegraded, microbial |
|
norflurazon (Solicam) |
28 |
90 |
L |
M |
volitalization, microbial |
|
oryzalin (Surflan) |
2.5 |
20 |
S |
M |
chemical |
|
oxyfluorfen (Goal) |
0.1 |
35 |
S[E] |
L[E] |
photodegraded |
|
*paraquat (*Gramoxone Max) |
1,000,000 |
500 |
S |
L |
microbial |
|
pendimethalin (Prowl) |
0.275 |
90 |
S |
L |
photodegraded, volitalization |
|
*pronamide (*Kerb) |
15 |
60 |
S |
L |
microbial |
|
sethoxydim (Poast) |
48 |
10 |
S |
S |
photodegraded, microbial |
|
simazine (Princep, Caliber) |
6.2 |
75 |
L |
M |
microbial, chemical |
|
terbacil (*Sinbar) |
710 |
120 |
L |
M |
microbial |
Key to abbreviations: S = Small; M = Medium; L = Large; [E] = Estimate
* Restricted-use pesticide; may be purchased and used only by certified applicators, or used by someone under the supervision of a certified applicator.
Not registered for use in Nassau or Suffolk Counties.
Potentials for losses through leaching or by runoff as result of surface soil particle erosion are general ratings. These must be used in combination with individual soil ratings for leaching & runoff potential. In general, orchards are considered low-impact cropping systems because of: rates & methods of application of materials; presence of vegetative ground cover between rows.
Sources of Information: USDA-ARS Interim Pesticide Properties Database, Version 1.9. Herbicide Handbook, Sixth Edition. 1989. Weed Science Society of America, 309 West Clark St, Champaign, IL 61820
Table 17. Effectiveness of herbicides in tree-fruit crops.
|
Material |
AG |
AB |
PG |
PB |
WBV |
YN |
BW |
HN |
CT |
SB |
PW |
RW |
|
carfentrazone-ethyl |
|
G |
|
P |
|
|
P |
|
|
|
G |
G |
|
*clopyralid |
|
F |
|
F[5] |
|
|
|
F |
G |
|
|
F |
|
dichlobenil (Casoron 4G) |
G |
G |
G |
G |
|
G |
|
G |
G |
|
G |
G |
|
2,4-D |
|
G |
|
G |
F |
|
G |
F |
F |
- |
G |
G |
|
diuron (Karmex) |
G |
G |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G |
G |
|
fluazifop (Fusilade) |
G |
- |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
glyphosate (Roundup, Touchdown) |
G |
G |
G |
G |
G[1] |
G[2] |
G |
G[1] |
G[1] |
F |
G |
G |
|
napropamide (Devrinol) |
G |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
P |
|
norflurazon (Solicam) |
G |
F |
F |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
|
F |
|
|
oryzalin (Surflan) |
G |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G |
P |
|
oxyfluorfen (Goal) |
F |
G |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G |
G |
|
*paraquat (*Gramoxone Max) |
G |
G |
F |
F |
F |
G[3] |
F |
F |
F |
|
G |
F |
|
pendimethalin (Prowl) |
G |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G |
|
|
*pronamide (*Kerb) |
G |
|
G |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sethoxydim (Poast) |
G |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simazine (Princep) |
F |