15.2 Insects and Mites

15.2.1 European Red Mite, Twospotted Spider Mite

            • Biology & Cultural

            Refer to the reference materials list at the end of this publication for a Fact Sheet containing details on the biology and management of this pest.

 

            • Pesticide Application Notes

            [6.1] Apply oil against overwintering eggs.         

            [6.2] Apply as mites appear in a minimum of 50 gal/A. Limited to 1 application per season.

            [6.3] Use lower rate of †Nexter for European red mite, and higher rate of †Nexter, for twospotted spider mite. †Nexter not registered for use in Nassau or Suffolk Counties.

 

15.2.2 Oriental Fruit Moth

            • Biology & Cultural

            Refer to the reference materials list at the end of this publication for a Fact Sheet containing details on the biology and management of this pest.

 

            • Biological & Non-chemical Control

            [7.1] Pheromone disruption is economically justified if 2–3 sprays are normally applied, and if no other insecticide sprays are routinely needed for other pests after petal fall. For this reason, disruption may not be economical for the 1st brood, as plum curculio sprays at this time normally would also control oriental fruit moth. Pheromones should be applied in mid-June before initiation of the 2nd flight; the need for re-application depends on residual field life of specific formulations: Isomate-M 100, 90 days; Checkmate OFM-F, 14 days. Insecticide sprays or a double rate of pheromone may be needed in border rows of orchards adjacent to sources of adult immigration or in other high pressure situations.

 

            • Pesticide Application Notes

            [7.2] Summer sprays should be timed to start approximately at the 10% hatch point, 175-200 DD (base 45° F) after the first adult catch of the second brood, with a second application in 10-14 days. In high pressure blocks, a final spray should be applied 2 wk before harvest to control late season larvae. †*Altacor not registered for use in Nassau or Suffolk Counties. For best effectiveness and insecticide resistance management, the use of pre-mixes such as *Leverage should be reserved for those situations when the pest complex to be treated is appropriately matched to the combination of active ingredients and modes of action contained in the product. Suggested action threshold: Avg. of >10 adults/ week caught per pheromone trap.

15.2.3 Peachtree Borers (including Lesser Peachtree Borer)

            • Biology & Cultural

            Refer to the reference materials list at the end of this publication for a Fact Sheet containing details on the biology and management of this pest.

 

            • Biological & Non-chemical Control

            [8.1] Hang pheromone ties at 100/acre in late May before lesser peachtree borer flight begins; use 200-250/acre if population is predominantly peachtree borer.

            • Pesticide Application Notes

            [8.2] Up to 3 sprays of pyrethroids to trunk and scaffold limbs against larvae: June 1-10, July 7-15, and August 1-10 (do not spray fruit); OR 1 application of *Thionex immediately after harvest. *Baythroid and *Leverage not labeled for peachtree borer. For best effectiveness and insecticide resistance management, the use of pre-mixes such as *Leverage should be reserved for those situations when the pest complex to be treated is appropriately matched to the combination of active ingredients and modes of action contained in the product. Suggested action threshold: 1st emergence of adults plus 8 days (in blocks with a history of damage), or 1-2 larvae/tree.

 

15.2.4 Plum Curculio

            • Biology & Cultural

            Refer to the reference materials list at the end of this publication for a Fact Sheet containing details on the biology and management of this pest.

 

            • Pesticide Application Notes

            [9.1] 2–3 applications. Begin at fruit set (shucks on) and follow at 8–10-day (for Sevin) or 10–14-day (for other products) intervals. For best effectiveness and insecticide resistance management, the use of pre-mixes such as *Leverage should be reserved for those situations when the pest complex to be treated is appropriately matched to the combination of active ingredients and modes of action contained in the product.

            [9.2] Frequent applications (7–10-day intervals) of Surround and maximal coverage (minimum of 100 gal/A) are advised in New York while there is active foliar growth.

 

15.2.5 Scales, including European Lecanium and San Jose Scale

            • Biology & Cultural

            Refer to the reference materials list at the end of this publication for a Fact Sheet containing details on the biology and management of San Jose scale

 

           
• Pesticide Application Notes

            [10.1] Apply oil against overwintering immatures.

            [10.2] One application 4-6 weeks after shuck split, against newly hatched crawlers. Movento must be used with an organosilicone or nonionic spray adjuvant.

 

15.2.6 Tarnished Plant Bug

            • Biology & Cultural

            Refer to the reference materials list at the end of this publication for a Fact Sheet containing details on the biology and management of this pest. Satisfactory control requires adequate management of orchard weeds that attract this pest and act as alternate hosts.

 

            • Monitoring & Forecasting

            [11.1] Most catfacing injury is caused before shuck split. Later season feeding generally results in only minor surface scarring.

            [11.2] Apply spray as insects or damage appears. Suggested action threshold: 3 bleeding sites/tree.

 

            • Pesticide Application Notes

            [11.3]At 10–14-day intervals as needed in midsummer. For best effectiveness and insecticide resistance management, the use of pre-mixes such as *Leverage should be reserved for those situations when the pest complex to be treated is appropriately matched to the combination of active ingredients and modes of action contained in the product. Suggested action threshold: 3 bleeding sites/tree.

 

15.2.7 Western Flower Thrips

            • Biology & Cultural

            Drought conditions and high temperatures may encourage damaging populations in nectarines, particularly in the Hudson Valley region. Adults move from alternate weed or crop hosts to fruit just prior to and during harvest, feed on the fruit surface in protected sites, such as in the stem end, the suture, under leaves and branches, and between fruit. Feeding results in silver stipling or patches; injury is particularly obvious on highly colored varieties.

 

            • Pesticide Application Notes

            [12.1] In orchards with severe infestations, a petal fall application may be warranted against thrips feeding in fruit clusters. Control may be improved by addition of an adjuvant.

            [12.2] An application immediately after harvest may prevent subsequent losses; however, an additional application may be needed if pressure is severe. Control may be improved by addition of an adjuvant. Note 14-day pre-harvest interval.