Pest Management Guidelines - turfgrass

Pest Management Guidelines - turfgrass

Pest Management Guidelines A Cornell Cooperative Extension Publication	Cornell Guide for Pest Management of Turfgrass
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Acknowledgments

Table of Contents

Chapters

1 Pesticide Information

1.1 Use Pesticides Safely

1.2 Protect Honey Bees from Insecticides

1.3 Pesticide Control Legislation

1.3.1 Restricted Pesticides

1.4 Pesticide Product Registration Information for New York State

1.5 Verifying Pesticide Registration and Restricted-Use Status

1.6 Applicator Certification

1.7 Pesticide Recordkeeping/Reporting

1.7.1 New York State Requirements

1.7.2 Federal Private Applicator Recordkeeping Requirements

1.8 EPA Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for Agricultural Pesticides

1.9 The Neighbor Notification Law

1.10 Reduced-Risk Pesticides, Minimum-Risk Pesticides, and Biopesticides

1.11 FIFRA 2(ee) Recommendations

1.12 Pesticide Compatibility

1.13 Recommended Amounts

1.13.1 How to Determine the Amount of Formulated Materials Needed

2 Sprayer Application Technology

2.1 Calibration of Application Equipment

2.1.1 Sprayer Calibration

2.1.2 Backpack or Hand-held Sprayer Calibration

2.2 Decontaminating Turfgrass Sprayers

2.2.1 Reducing Cleaning Problems

2.2.2 Sprayer Cleansers

2.2.3 Tank Rinse Systems (Low-Volume Tank Rinsing)

2.2.4 Cleaning the Sprayer

2.3 Minimizing Pesticide Drift

2.3.1 Droplet Size

2.3.2 Nozzle Type and Size

2.3.3 Sprayer Design

2.3.4 Sprayer Calibration

2.3.5 Weather

2.3.6 Management Strategies to Reduce Drift

2.4 Sprayer Preparation

2.4.1 The Power Unit

2.4.2 The Operation of the Sprayer

3 Turfgrass Culture

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Selecting Turfgrasses

3.3 Cultural Practices

3.3.1 Mowing

3.3.2 Fertilizing

3.3.3 Irrigation

3.3.4 Problem Solving

3.3.5 Weeds

3.3.6 Diseases

3.3.7 Insects

3.3.8 Summary

3.4 Integrated Pest Management

3.4.1 Plan

3.4.2 Monitor

3.4.3 Manage

3.4.4 Analyze

3.4.5 Intervene

3.4.6 Keep Records

3.4.7 Communicate

4 Plant Growth Regulators

4 Plant Growth Regulators

4.1 Overview

4.2 Mowing Management

4.3 Annual Bluegrass Seedhead Suppression

4.4 Enhancing Annual Bluegrass

4.5 Selective Annual Bluegrass Suppression

5 Disease Management

5.1 Diagnosis of Turfgrass Diseases

5.1.1 Importance of Correct Disease Diagnosis

5.1.2 Basic Analytical Processes in Disease Diagnosis

5.2 Maximizing the Use of Fungicides for Disease Control

5.2.1 Fungicide Use and General Properties

5.2.2 Fungicide Labels

5.2.3 Fungicide Formulations

5.2.4 Types of Turfgrass Fungicides

5.2.5 How Fungicides Work

5.3 Achieving the Maximum Levels of Disease Control from Fungicide Applications

5.3.1 Behavior of Fungicides in Soil

5.3.2 Fungicide Efficacy Affected by Soil Properties

5.3.3 Sorption of Fungicides to Thatch and Soil

5.3.4 Soil Properties Important in Fungicide Adsorption

5.3.5 Fungicide Properties Affect Adsorption

5.3.6 Microbial Degradation of Fungicides

5.3.7 Soil Properties Affect Microbial Degradation

5.3.8 Volatilization of Fungicides

5.3.9 Fungicide Leaching

5.3.10 Management Recommendations

5.4 Plant and Pathogen Factors Affecting Fungicide Efficacy

5.4.1 Turfgrass Growth and Vigor Affect Fungicide Absorption and Translocation

5.4.2 Turfgrass Stresses Important to Fungicide Performance

5.4.3 Pathogen Factors Affecting Fungicide Efficacy

5.4.4 Pathogen Sensitivities to Fungicides Vary

5.4.5 Fungicide Resistance

5.4.6 Take Steps Now to Minimize the Potential for Developing Fungicide Resistance

5.4.7 Management Recommendations

5.5 Handling and Applying Fungicides

5.5.1 Measuring, Weighing and Mixing Fungicides

5.5.2 Fungicide Compatibilities

5.5.3 Tank Storage Time and pH Affect Fungicide Efficacy

5.5.4 Timing of Fungicide Applications

5.5.5 Fungicide Placement

5.5.6 Post-Application Irrigation and Fungicide Efficacy

5.5.7 Monitoring the Results of Fungicide Applications

5.5.8 Cost of Control

5.6 Record Keeping

5.6.1 Reasons for Recordkeeping

5.6.2 What Should Be Recorded?

5.6.3 Legal Aspects of Recordkeeping

5.6.4 Sample Forms

5.7 Disease Management

6 Insect Management

6.1 General Guidelines

6.2 Insect Pests in NY State

6.2.1 White Grubs

6.2.2 Weevils

6.2.3 Caterpillars

6.2.4 Chinch Bugs

6.2.5 Ants

6.2.6 European Crane Flies

7 Weed Management

7 Weed Management

7.1 Environmentally Compatible Weed Management

7.2 Starting Out Right

7.3 Annual Grass IPM

7.3.1 Crabgrass Management

7.3.2 Crabgrass Ecology

7.3.3 Physical Disturbance, Soil Temperature, and Crabgrass Invasion

7.3.4 Do Fertilizer or Organic-based Approaches Work?

7.3.5 Preemergence Herbicides and Crabgrass Control

7.3.6 Postemergence Crabgrass Control

7.3.7 An Integrated Approach to Crabgrass Control.

7.4 Cultural Control of Broadleaf Weeds

7.5 Chemical Control of Broadleaf Weeds

7.5.1 Herbicide Mixtures

7.5.2 Using Broadleaf Herbicides

8 Wildlife Management for Turfgrass

8.1 Moles

8.1.1 General Biology and Food Habits

8.1.2 Population Control

8.1.3 Toxicants

8.1.4 Cultural Practices

8.2 Striped Skunks

8.3 Canada Geese

9 Index of Common and Trade Names of Pesticides Registered for Use on Turfgrass

Table 9.1 Plant Growth Regulators

Table 9.2 Fungicides and Nematicides

Table 9.3 Bio-Fungicides

Table 9.4 Insecticides

Table 9.5 Herbicides

10 Glossary

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